The Daily Brief

Monday, December 19, 2005

Kwai Hing Station

Kwai Hing (葵興, Jyutping: kwai4 hing1) station is an elevated railway station on the Tsuen Wan Line of Hong Kong MTR system. It is named after the nearest public housing estate, and is between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau Stations.

Opened in 1982, it forced most direct bus service into Kowloon be cancelled. Nevertheless, the station provided convenient transport service to local residents, also attracting some local shuttle services with nearby settlements and factories.

There is a small interchange below the platforms, but the increasing crowdedness of Kwai Fong Station interchange means that some of the traffic has to be diverted to Kwai Hing, saturating the interchange for Kwai Hing Station either.

1 Platforms
2 Exits
3 Transport Connections
- 3.1 Kwai Hing MTR Station Transport Interchange (Exit B)
4 Neighbouring Stations

Platforms

Platform 1: Tsuen Wan Line to Tsuen Wan
Platform 2: Tsuen Wan Line to Central

The tracks of platform 1 and 2 are located right next to each other right in the middle of the station. Passengers have to ride different escalators up as according to the platform they want to go to.

Exits

There are 4 exits at Kwai Hing Station. They lead to Kwai Hing Road (Exit A), a Transport Interchange (Exit B), Tai Wo Hau Road (Exit C) and New Kwai Hing Gardens (Exit D). Disabled access is available at Exit C.

Transport Connections

Kwai Hing MTR Station Transport Interchange (Exit B)

Minibus Routes

To Lei Muk Shue:

Bus Routes

To Cheung On Estate:

44M

To Kwai Shing Estate:

37M

To Lee On Estate:

40X

Neighbouring Stations

Preceding Station	Line	Following Station
Kwai Fong	Tsuen Wan Line	Tai Wo Hau

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Stations of the MTR of Hong Kong

Kwun Tong	Whampoa Garden \| Ho Man Tin \| Yau Ma Tei \| Mong Kok \| Prince Edward \| Shek Kip Mei \| Kowloon Tong ¹ \| Lok Fu \| Wong Tai Sin \| Diamond Hill \| Choi Hung \| Kowloon Bay \| Ngau Tau Kok \| Kwun Tong \| Lam Tin \| Yau Tong \| Tiu Keng Leng
Tsuen Wan	Central \| Admiralty \| Tsim Sha Tsui ¹ \| Jordan \| Yau Ma Tei \| Mong Kok \| Prince Edward \| Sham Shui Po \| Cheung Sha Wan \| Lai Chi Kok \| Mei Foo ² \| Lai King \| Kwai Fong \| Kwai Hing \| Tai Wo Hau \| Tsuen Wan
Island	Kennedy Town \| University \| Sai Ying Pun \| Sheung Wan \| Central \| Admiralty \| Wan Chai \| Causeway Bay \| Tin Hau \| Fortress Hill \| North Point \| Quarry Bay \| Tai Koo \| Sai Wan Ho \| Shau Kei Wan \| Heng Fa Chuen \| Chai Wan
Tung Chung	Fortress Hill \| Exhibition \| Tamar \| Hong Kong \| Kowloon \| Olympic \| Nam Cheong ² \| Lai King \| Tsing Yi \| Sunny Bay \| Tung Chung
Airport Express	Hong Kong \| Kowloon \| Tsing Yi \| Airport \| AsiaWorld-Expo
Tseung Kwan O	Tin Hau \| North Point \| Quarry Bay \| Yau Tong \| Tiu Keng Leng \| Tseung Kwan O \| Hang Hau \| Po Lam \| Tseung Kwan O South
Disneyland Resort	Sunny Bay \| Disneyland Resort
1) Interchange with KCR East Rail 2) Interchange with KCR West Rail

Monday, December 05, 2005

纳什均衡

纳什均衡，又称为非合作博弈均衡，是博弈论的一个重要术语，以约翰·纳什命名。

在一个博弈过程中，无论对方的策略选择如何，当事人一方都会选择某个确定的策略，则该策略被称作支配性策略。如果两个博弈的当事人的策略组合分别构成各自的支配性策略，那么这个组合就被定义为纳什均衡。

一个策略组合被称为纳什均衡，当每个博弈者的均衡策略都是为了达到自己期望收益的最大值，与此同时，其他所有博弈者也遵循这样的策略。

例子

一个著名的例子就是囚徒困境，囚徒困境是一个非零和博弈。大意是：一个案子的两个嫌疑犯被分开审讯，警官分别告诉两个囚犯，如果你招供，而对方不招供，则你将被判刑一年，而对方将被判刑十年；如果两人均招供，将均被判刑五年。于是，两人同时陷入招供还是不招供的两难处境。其實如果两人均不招供，将最有利，只被判刑三个月。

囚犯甲的博弈矩阵		囚犯甲
囚犯甲的博弈矩阵		招供	不招供
囚犯乙	招供	判刑五年	甲判刑十年；乙判刑一年
囚犯乙	不招供	甲判刑一年；乙判刑十年	判刑三个月

基于经济学中Rational agent的前提假设，两个囚犯符合自己利益的选择是坦白招供，原本对双方都有利的策略不招供从而均被判刑三个月就不会出现。这样两人都选择坦白的策略以及因此被判５年的结局被称为“纳什均衡”，也叫非合作均衡。